Método Processo Analítico Hierárquico como instrumento de apoio na gestão de resíduos sólidos: uma revisão
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Processos decisórios baseados em Modelos de Tomada de Decisão Multicritérios (MTDM) têm sido utilizados para solucionar diversos problemas, entre eles os relacionados à gestão de resíduos sólidos. Um desses modelos é o método AHP (Processo Analítico Hierárquico), que emprega critérios qualitativos e quantitativos e a participação de diferentes tomadores de decisão. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar a literatura sobre o uso do método AHP em apoio à gestão de resíduos sólidos. Para isso, a revisão sistemática de literatura considerou artigos em inglês, disponíveis no Portal Periódicos CAPES, de 2000 a 2022, sendo discutidos com profundidade 12 estudos que utilizaram exclusivamente o método AHP. Os estudos empregaram o método para decisões de destinação ou disposição final, tecnologias de tratamento/aproveitamento de resíduos sólidos ou em locais para instalação de aterro sanitário, usinas de compostagem etc., revelando como tendencia a aplicação do AHP para decidir sobre alternativas de aproveitamento energético de resíduos sólidos. Todos eles se basearam na opinião de especialistas e stakeholders, revelando o AHP como uma poderosa ferramenta de apoio à tomada de decisão. Algumas lacunas verificadas foram: que nenhum dos estudos detalhou a(s) fonte(s) e/ou base de dados da revisão da literatura; alguns não informaram o número de participantes; e apenas 5 estudos explicitaram como procederam para análise de sensibilidade. Como principais recomendações sugere-se que essas lacunas sejam preenchidas, além de discutir se os resultados atenderam às expectativas das partes envolvidas nos julgamentos.
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