No Good-Bye and No Thanks: A Case Study on the Experience of Mexican University Professors Retiring in Times of Pandemic.
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
The pandemic has left its mark on virtually every aspect of human life, including retirement. The main objective of this paper was to explore the role of the pandemic in the retirement decision of a group of Mexican university professors. A qualitative research methodology was chosen; 10 women and four men were interviewed. The theoretical framework that guided this work was the 3D model in retirement decision-making, which presents three primary elements in decision making: finances, health, and psychological well-being. Also, the model uses 6 categories: push factors, pull factors, barriers, enablers, triggers, and overrides. A matrix based on the elements and categories of the 3D model was elaborated, and results indicate that the pandemic did play a role in the decision to retire of all participants. Among the main factors for retiring were the long-term after-effects of professors who contracted COVID-19, stress due to training needs for distance education, changes in the family dynamics, the return to face-to-face classes, guilt, uncertainty, and recognition of the fragility of life.
Detalles del artículo
Citas
Adams, G.A. & Rau, B.L. (2004). Job seeking among retirees seeking bridge employment. Personnel Psychology, 57(3), 719-744.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2004.00005.x
Amabile, T.M. (2019). Understanding retirement requires getting inside people’s stories: a call for more qualitative research. Work, Aging and Retirement, 5(3), 207-211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/workar/waz007
Burke, J., & Dempsey, M. (2021). Wellbeing in post-covid schools: Primary school leaders´ remaining of the future. Maynooth: Maynooth University.
Byrne, A. (2021). Teaching online in COVID-19: this is my story. In L. Moran (Ed.). The Sociological Observer. Remaking social futures through biographic, narrative, and life course approaches. Sociological Association of Ireland. Maynooth University.
Carr, D.C., Matz, C., Taylor, M.G., & Gonzales, E. (2021). Retirement transitions in the United States: patterns and pathways from full-time work. Public Policy & Aging Report, 31(3), 71-77. https://doi.org/10.1093/ppar/prab013
Carr, E., Murray, E.T., Zaninotto, P., Cadar, D., Head, J., Stansfeld, S., & Stafford, M. (2018) The associations between informal caregiving and exit from employment among older workers: prospective findings from the UK household longitudinal study, J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 73, 7, 1253-1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbw156
Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Egdell, V., Fuentes, V., Tjandra, N.C., & Chen, T. (2019). Employer policy and practice toward older workers in Hong Kong: the role of shifting intergenerational dynamics. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 31(5),1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959420.2018.1563472
Findsen, B. (2015). Older workers’ learning within organizations: issues and challenges. Educational Gerontology, 41(8), 582-589.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2015.1011582
Grote, G., & Pfrombeck, J. (2020). Uncertainty in aging and lifespan research: Covid-19 as catalyst for addressing the elephant in the room. Work, Aging and Retirement, 6(4), 246-250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/workar/waaa020
Jaworski, D., Reed, A., & Vernon, S. (2016). The decision to retire research-based recommendations for individuals and employers. Stanford Center on Longevity. Financial Security Division. Research in Brief.
Kubicek, B., Korunka, C., Hoonakker, P., & Raymo, J.M. (2010). Work and family characteristics as predictors of early retirement in married men and women. Res Aging 32(4), 467-498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027510364120.
Lachlan, L., Kimmel, L., Mizrav, E., & Holdheide, L. (2020). Advancing qualitative teaching for all schools. Examining the impact of COVID-19 on the reaching workforce. Center on great teachers & Leaders at the American Institutes for Research.
Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (2006). Designing qualitative research (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Maxwell, J.A. (2005). Qualitative research design. An interactive approach. (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
McDonough, P., Worts, D. Corna, L. M., McMunn, A., & Sacker, A. (2017). Later-life employment trajectories and health. Advances in Life Course Research, 34, 22-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2017.09.002
McGinley, C. (2020). What´s in an education? As back to school approaches, can perspectives from March 2020 help ease educators´ burden? The Cutting Edge, 3(1), 1-6.
Merriam, S.B. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, Inc.
Mohd-Noor, K.B. (2008). Case study: a strategic research methodology. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 5(11), 1602-1604.
Moran, L., & Caetano, A. (2021). Biographical research through the looking glass of social distancing: reflections on biographical interviewing and online technologies in pandemic times. International Journal of Sociology, 1-5.
https://doi.org/10.1177%2F07916035211022182
Nilsson, K. (2012). Why work beyond 65? Discourse on the decision to continue working or retire early. Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies, 2(3), 7-28.
https://doi.org/10.19154/njwls.v2i3.2361
Payne, S.H., Yorgason, J.B., & Dew, J.P. (2014). Spending today or saving for tomorrow: the influence of family financial socialization on financial preparation for retirement. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 106-118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10834-013-9363-2
Pitt-Catsouphes, M., & Smyer, M.A. (2005). Older workers: what keeps them working? Issue Brief 01. The Center on Aging & Work, 1-6.
Raymo, J.M., Warren, J.R., Sweeney, M.M., Hauser, R.M., & Ho, J.H. (2010). Later-life employment preferences and outcomes: the role of midlife work experiences. Research on Aging, 32(4), 419-466.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027510361462
Rice, B. (2018). Older workers and i-deals: building win-win working arrangements. Human Resource Management International Digest, 26(1), 1-3.
Santos, J.L. (2021). Teaching in 2020: preliminary assessments. Teaching and Learning Anthropology Journal, 4(1), 8-28. https://doi.org/10.5070/T34151426
Schmidt-Crawford, D.A., Thompson, A.D., & Lindstrom, D.L. (2021). Condolences and congratulations: COVID-19 pressures on higher education faculty. Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 37(2), 84-85.
https://doi.org/10.1080/21532974.2021.1911556
Sewdas, R., De Wind, A., Van der Zwaan, L.G.L., Van der Borg, W. E., Steenbeek, R., Van der Beek, A.J., & Boot, C.R.L. (2017). Why older workers work beyond the retirement age: a qualitative study. BioMed Central Public Health, 17, 672 (1-9).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4675-z
Shacklock, K., & Brunetto, Y. (2014). Employees’ perceptions of the factors affecting their decisions to retire. International Journal of Organisational Behaviour, 10(5), 740-756.
Smith, S., Rivera, M.D., Hance, E.K., Heckler, A. (2020). Ohio State COVID-19 Teaching & Learning Survey. The Ohio State University. Overall Report.
Templer, A., Armstrong-Stassen, M., & Cattaneo, J. (2010). Antecedents of older workers. Motives for continuing working. Career Development International, 15(5), 479-500.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13620431011075349
Van Wynsberghe, R., & Khan, S. (2007). Redefining case study. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 6(2), 1-10.
Esta revista es de acceso libre inmediato a su contenido, bajo el principio de hacer disponible al público gratuitamente las investigaciones publicadas.
Los autores que publiquen en Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI) aceptan las siguientes condiciones:
- De acuerdo con la legislación de derechos de autor, en Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI) reconoce y respeta el derecho moral de los autores, así como la titularidad del derecho patrimonial, el cual será transferido —de forma no exclusiva— a la revista para su difusión en acceso abierto.
- La revista Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI) no realiza cargos a los autores por enviar y procesar artículos para su publicación.
- Todos los textos publicados por en Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI)
—sin excepción— se distribuyen amparados bajo la Licencia Creative Commons Atribución- NoComercial 4.0 Internacional, que permite a terceros utilizar lo publicado siempre que mencionen la autoría del trabajo y a la primera publicación en esta revista.
- Los autores pueden realizar otros acuerdos contractuales independientes y adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión del artículo publicado en Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI), por ejemplo incluirlo en un repositorio institucional o darlo a conocer en otros medios en papel o electrónicos, siempre que indique clara y explícitamente que el trabajo se publicó por primera vez en el Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI).
- Para todo lo anterior, los autores deben remitir el formato de carta de transmisión de derechos patrimoniales de la primera publicación debidamente requisitado y firmado, al momento de ser aceptado para su publicación el manuscrito en cuestión.
This is an open-access journal in terms of its content, under the premise of making published research available to the public for free.
The authors who publish on the Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI) accept the following terms:
- In accordance to the copyright law, the Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI) recognizes and respects the moral law of the authors, as well as the ownership right, which will be transferred –in a non-exclusive manner- to the journal for its open access diffusion.
- The Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI) does not charge the authors for sending and processing the papers for their publication.
- Every text published by the Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI) –with no exception- is distributed under protection of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which allows third parties to utilize what was published as long as they mention the authorship of the paper and the first publication in this journal.
- The authors can hold other contractual agreements, independent and additional to the non-exclusive distribution of the published version of the article in the Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI), such as including it in an institutional repository or promoting it through channels different from paper or electronic publications, as long as it indicates clearly and explicitly that the paper was first published in the Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues (JBHSI).
- For all the previous matters, the authors must refer the format of the letter of transference of patrimonial rights of the first publication, properly required and signed, at the moment of being approved for publication in the manuscript at issue.