POBREZA, CARENCIAS SOCIALES Y RECURSOS PÚBLICOS MUNICIPALES EN MÉXICO
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
Esta investigación evalúa la eficiencia del gasto y los recursos públicos municipales en el alivio de la vulnerabilidad por carencias sociales y, en segundo lugar, de la pobreza por ingresos. El ámbito geográfico es la República Mexicana, y la temporalidad 2015-2020. Se utilizaron dos técnicas de análisis envolvente de datos para valorar la eficiencia: una medida basada en holguras (Tone, 2001), y otra que considera simultáneamente productos deseables e indeseables (Färe y Grosskopf, 2004). Ambos métodos generan resultados similares, configurando un escenario de ineficiencia en la mayoría de los municipios, y una tendencia a la cercanía geográfica de los municipios eficientes. La construcción de un perceptrón multicapa permitió identificar que el número de consultorios médicos, así como profesores y escuelas de educación media superior y superior son las variables más relevantes para la atención de vulnerabilidad y pobreza. Por ende, se detectan áreas de oportunidad para facilitar un uso más eficiente de los recursos públicos a escala local.
POVERTY, SOCIAL DEPRIVATION, AND MUNICIPAL PUBLIC RESOURCES IN MEXICO
ABSTRACT
This research evaluates the efficiency of municipal public spending and resources in alleviating vulnerability due to social deprivation and, secondarily, income poverty. The geographic scope is Mexico, and the period is 2015-2020. Two data envelopment analysis methods were used to assess efficiency: A slacks-based measure (Tone, 2001), and a measure that simultaneously considers desirable and undesirable outputs (Färe and Grosskopf, 2004). Both methods generate similar results, configuring a scenario of inefficiency in most municipalities, and a tendency toward geographical proximity of efficient municipalities. The construction of a multilayer perceptron identified that the number of medical offices, as well as the number of teachers and high school and higher education schools, were the most relevant variables for addressing vulnerability and poverty. Therefore, areas of opportunity were identified to facilitate more efficient use of public resources at the local level.
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