Más allá del teorema de la imposibilidad política de la reforma agraria

Contenido principal del artículo

Ronald J. Herring

Resumen

El autor se propone explorar vías para entender las condiciones políticas que alivien la pobreza mediante la reforma agraria. Argumenta que la visión tradicional de la reforma agraria y sus políticas, prácticamente imposibles dentro de las configuraciones políticas típicas, es demasiado limitada. El enfoque económico tradicional es la intersección entre los derechos sobre la tierra, la agricultura y la pobreza, debe ampliarse para incorporar cambios tecnológicos resultado de la revolución biológica, así como la importancia de los sistemas ecológicos que soportan tanto a la agricultura como a las estrategias de supervivencia de los pobres. El enfoque político tradicional de las clases agrarias necesita ampliarse para incluir “nuevos movimientos sociales” y sus aliados nacionales e internacionales. Argumenta que el método más seguro para abatir la pobreza en las sociedades rurales es la redistribución de tierras, pues aunque existan otras medidas para aliviar la pobreza, están más sujetas a distorsiones inducidas por la desigualdad y que uno de los principales factores de ésta es la inequitativa distribución de la tierra. Herring concluye que la agenda política de reformas en pro de los pobres debe conservar los elementos centrales del proyecto agrario y a la vez reconocer el potencial de coaliciones más grandes en pro de los pobres. Estos elementos incluyen integridad ambiental y regeneración, derechos de la mujer, derechos humanos, supervivencia cultural y democratización. Aunque el análisis no pretende reemplazar clases por política de identidad posmodernista, sí enfatiza la realidad de las nuevas posibilidades de coalición.

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Herring, R. J. (2015). Más allá del teorema de la imposibilidad política de la reforma agraria. Revista Mexicana De Ciencias Políticas Y Sociales, 44(179). https://doi.org/10.22201/fcpys.2448492xe.2000.179.48886

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