Revista Odontológica Mexicana

Three-dimensional Evaluation of the Airway and Maxillary Atresia in Skeletal Class II Children

Thu, 26 Feb 2026 00:00:00 -0600

Introducción: La clase II esquelética y la atresia maxilar pueden influir en las dimensiones de la vía aérea superior, afectando la respiración y el desarrollo craneofacial. La tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (CBCT) permite su evaluación tridimensional precisa. Objetivo: Describir las dimensiones de la vía aérea superior y la morfología maxilar de pacientes pediátricos con clase II esquelética mediante CBCT. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional a niños de 7 a 11 años con clase II esquelética, se evaluaron medidas del maxilar (LIA, PAP, AAMP) y de la vía aérea superior (volumen total, área mínima, nasofaringe y orofaringe), se aplicó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: Se incluyeron 37 pacientes (edad media: 8.78 ± 1.38 años), se observó alta variabilidad en las dimensiones maxilares y de la vía aérea, el 62% presentó atresia maxilar, predominando en mujeres (73%), no se identificó un patrón uniforme de reducción en la vía aérea. Conclusión: El estudio proporciona una caracterización detallada de las dimensiones de la vía aérea superior y la morfología maxilar de niños con clase II esquelética. La variabilidad observada sugiere que múltiples factores pueden influir en estas estructuras. La CBCT permite caracterizar con precisión estas dimensiones, que contribuyen al diagnóstico y tratamiento en ortopedia maxilofacial.

Oral Hygiene in Secondary School Students in Ometepec, Guerrero: A Cross-Sectional Study

Thu, 26 Feb 2026 00:00:00 -0600

Introduction: Poor oral hygiene leads to a greater accumulation of dental biofilm, which can cause the development of oral diseases and physical, emotional, and psychological imbalances in individuals. Oral health is a key indicator of personal health. Objective: To estimate the frequency of poor oral hygiene and associated factors in secondary school students in Ometepec, Guerrero. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study conducted from October to December 2023 in students. Electronic devices were used to collect information through the ODK COLLECT application, on personal, sociodemographic data, whether they speak an indigenous language, eating habits and a section of questions about oral health practices. A clinical observation form was used to estimate the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S). Data were analysed using CIETmap software. Univariate analysis was performed to obtain simple frequencies; bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test to identify factors associated with OHI-S. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Results: A total of 774 students participated, 52% (400/774) were women, the rest were men. The 48% (373/774) had a poor OHI-S ≥1.3. The factors associated with poor OHI-S were: belonging to the first grade of school (aOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.43-2.98), low socioeconomic level (aOR 1.96, 95% CI 1.43-2.68), frequent consumption of foods with high caloric value (aOR 1.87, 95% CI 1.22-2.86), not having received oral hygiene talks (aOR 1.69 95% CI 1.16-2.45), being male (aOR 1.52 95% CI 1.10-2.10), and having dental crowding (aOR 1.43, 95% CI 1.06-1.95). Conclusion: Five out of ten students presented a poor level of oral hygiene OHI-S ≥1.3. Oral health promotion actions are required to reduce biofilm and dental calculus levels, in order to improve the OHI-S in students.

Nanotechnology in Dental Diagnosis

Alejandro Luis Vega-Jiménez, Yoshamin Abnoba Moreno-Vargas — Thu, 26 Feb 2026 00:00:00 -0600

Over the last decade, nanotechnology has emerged as a key tool in various branches of medicine, and dentistry is no exception. Its application in dental diagnostics has enabled significant advances in the early detection of diseases, improving the accuracy of procedures and optimizing intervention times. From nanoparticles to highly sensitive biosensors, this technology is revolutionizing the way oral health professionals identify and treat oral diseases¹.

Biomarkers and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. An Update

Iñigo Gaitán-Salvatella, Diana Ivette Rivera-Reza, Luis Alberto Gaitán-Cepeda — Thu, 26 Feb 2026 00:00:00 -0600

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a public health problem and the most common malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity. Oral cancer is associated with high mortality rates and considerable morbidity, which profoundly affects patients' quality of life. The identification and use of reliable biomarkers, such as α-SMA, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, CEA, EGF, CK19, or p53, have become crucial for early detection, accurate diagnosis, and effective monitoring of disease progression and recurrence. Therefore, the present review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of biomarkers used in the diagnosis of OSCC, covering their various applications, types, mechanisms of action, and use in OSCC-related research. A systematic search was performed in the MEDLINE (PubMed) and Web of Science electronic databases covering from January 1, 2015, to December 30, 2024. The search strategy was as follows: (α-SMA) AND ((epidermoid carcinoma) OR ((oral cancer) AND (oral squamous cell carcinoma))); for each of the selected biomarkers (alpha smooth muscle actin, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, carcinoembryonic antigen, epidermal growth factor receptor, cytokeratin 19, p53, Ki-67). The simultaneous use of multiple biomarkers could provide a more comprehensive understanding of the disease, enabling more accurate and specific diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, ultimately improving patient outcomes and the clinical management of OSCC. This approach may help clinicians and researchers better understand the complexity of OSCC, enabling them to develop more effective strategies for early detection, disease monitoring, and personalized therapeutic interventions.

Management of a Dental Malocclusion with Mini Implants in Mandibular Shelf and Fixed Appliances. Case Report

Franklin Paul Ortiz-Garay, Nelinho Enrique Jiménez-Sánchez, Antonio Gómez-Arenas — Thu, 26 Feb 2026 00:00:00 -0600

Introduction: Skeletal class III due to prognathism is defined as the anteroposterior disproportion of the mandible in relation to the maxilla. Its origin is multifactorial, and among its most frequent causes are genetic factors, oral habits, and premature loss of primary teeth, among others. The solution to this malocclusion in people who have completed their development is usually surgical or through a compensation treatment as a viable option to correct or mitigate the effects of this condition, offering less invasive and accessible solutions for patients. Objective: To present non-surgical treatment techniques for patients with a class III maxillomandibular relationship due to mandibular prognathism. Case presentation: A 13-year-old female patient who sought orthodontic treatment whose reason for consultation was "I don't like my teeth." The diagnosis showed a straight facial profile, class I skeletal relationship with a tendency to class III due to an ANB of 1°, Ricketts convexity of 0.9°, and Wits -3.9°, Angle class III molar relationship, canine class III, proclination of upper incisors, upper and lower anterior crowding, and anterior and posterior crossbite on the left side. The treatment plan consisted of distalization of the lower arch with the use of mini-implants placed bilaterally on the mandibular shelf. At the end of the treatment, an Angle class I molar relationship, canine class I, posterior crossbite correction, and adequate overjet, overbite, and intercuspation were obtained. Conclusions: The use of mandibular shelf mini-implants is efficient for distalization of the lower dental arch in skeletal Class I patients with tendency towards Class III who present bilateral Angle molar Class III and canine Class III.

Complete Oral Rehabilitation with Total Dentures in a Patient with Intellectual Disability

Thu, 26 Feb 2026 00:00:00 -0600

Introduction: Total edentulism is defined as the absence of all teeth in both the maxilla and the mandible, and represents a condition that significantly affects the quality of life, by compromising essential functions such as mastication, phonation and facial aesthetics. It is also considered a global public health problem, especially among adults over 60 years of age. In the case of people with intellectual disabilities (ID), the situation can be even more complex, as they have a greater risk of developing edentulism due to difficulties in self-care, barriers to accessing dental services, and a higher prevalence of untreated oral diseases. Objective: To rehabilitate a patient with ID using mucosa-supported total dentures, restoring health, function, and aesthetics, thus improving her quality of life. Case presentation: A 55-year-old female patient diagnosed with mild ID and high blood pressure came to the Prosthodontics Specialty Clinic for an evaluation. During the clinical inspection, total edentulism was observed in the maxilla and partial edentulism in the mandible, with only tooth 46 present. Due to the ID, alveolar bone resorption, economic limitations and the patient's poor oral care, it was decided to perform conventional total dentures. Conclusions: Although implant-supported prostheses are an advanced option for edentulous patients, their cost and maintenance limit their access for many patients with ID. In these cases, rehabilitation with mucosa-supported total dentures remains a fundamental alternative, as it allows for the restoration of function, aesthetics, and oral health. Furthermore, when they are adapted to the needs and abilities not only of the patient, but of their caregivers, it contributes to improving their communication, socialisation and quality of life.