Georeferenced water vulnerability indexes: a systematic review
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Abstract
The water resource is indispensable, used in almost all productive sectors, and linked to the metabolic maintenance of all living beings. However, due to climate change and population growth, the demand for this resource has indicated a substantial increase in overexploitation and worsening situations such as drought. Given this, water vulnerability indices emerge as a vanguard in global research, helping to understand the pressures exerted, and encouraging the creation of projects and strategies to overcome this problem. Therefore, it is essential to identify the main factors that actively contribute to this vulnerability typology, and the methodologies applied to quantify them. Given this, the main objective of this systematic review was to select and analyze studies related to georeferenced water vulnerability index systems at the river basin level, identifying the main factors that actively contribute to water vulnerability. The results showed, through the creation of bibliometric maps, a strong correlation between the chosen articles, highlighting keywords such as China, vulnerability, drought, and fuzzy mathematics. Furthermore, the presence of methodologies such as Fuzzy logic and Hierarchical Analysis of Fuzzy Processes (FAHP), and the use of natural and socioeconomic factors to calculate water vulnerability was notable.
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