Chili and the San Lorenzo Olmec

Abstract

The Olmec site of San Lorenzo was occupied during the Early Preclassic period, between 1800 cal BC and 1000 cal BC, and featured a unique social development in Mesoamerica. Various climatic and cultural factors make the preservation of organic material on the site difficult. Chili, Capsicum sp., was one of the most widespread fruits consumed by the ancient Mesoamerican people. Unfortunately, there is a lack of archaeological evidence regarding its use. This study of organic material reports the presence of chili biomarkers in ceramics from San Lorenzo. Fifty-two (52) ceramic samples were analysed with UPLC/MS-MS, with the findings showing chili organic material in sixteen (16) samples. The positive samples date from the first occupation of the site in 1800 cal BC until its collapse in 1000 cal BC. These samples are the oldest chili organic residues identified in Mesoamerica to date.