Lifestyle Impact on Glycemic Decontrol in Patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Objective: To determine the impact of lifestyle and its different components on glycemic control of patients with Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (dm2). Methods: Analytical and cross-sectional design, the study was conducted in a Family Medicine Unit in Mexico City from August to October 2015. 330 participants with dm2 were included, from 20 to 60 years under pharmacological treatment. The Instrument to Measure Lifestyle in Diabetes (Imevid) was used. To measure glycemic control, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was used, if Hb1Ac was <7% it was considered to be glycemic control. To know the risk factors associated with glycemic decontrol, a multiple logistic regression model was performed, which was adjusted according to lifestyle, comorbidities, dm2 evolution time, and body mass index (bmi). Results: 70.3% (232) of the participants were in a group where age was between 51 to 60 years, 90.6% (299) presented some comorbidity, systemic arterial hypertension was the most frequent. 48.8% (161) presented overweight and 14.8% (49) obesity. 35.8% (118) presented a good lifestyle, 43.9% (145) had glycemic control. The media Hb1Ac in poor lifestyle patients was 9% compared to the good lifestyle group with 6.4% (p<0.001). Good lifestyle is a protective factor for glycemic control with an odds ratio (or) of 0.026. Conclusions: unhealthy lifestyle is a risk factor for glycemic decontrol. Lifestyle, comorbidities, dm2 time of evolution and bmi explain the 85.3% of glycemic decontrol.