MULTI-DIMENSIONAL INEQUALITY AND COVID-19 IN BRAZIL
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
The paper presents empirical evidence from Brazil on the bidirectional relationship between inequality and the Covid-19 crisis: Racial, regional and income inequalities have both aggravated the pandemic and been exacerbated by it. The paper provides a measure of social risk factors to Covid-19, which is positively associated with the number of Covid-19 cases across Brazilian states. This is complemented by a discussion of the country's inequalities in access to healthcare and in the incidence of comorbidities, which elucidates observed disparities in the need of a ventilator and in the number of deaths by Covid-19. Finally, our empirical analysis suggests that the substantive fiscal effort in the country and particularly the implementation of the cash relief program Auxílio Emergencial neutralized the short-term increase in wage disparities but has been insufficient to neutralize the cost of multi-dimensional structural inequalities on Brazil’s death tolls.
DESIGUALDAD MULTIDIMENSIONAL Y COVID-19 EN BRASIL
RESUMEN
Este artículo presenta evidencia empírica de Brasil sobre la relación bidireccional entre desigualdad y la crisis de Covid-19: las desigualdades raciales, regionales y de ingresos han agravado y se han exacerbado a causa de la pandemia. El estudio construye una medida de factores de riesgo social que se asocia positivamente con el número de casos de Covid-19 en los estados brasileños. Esto se complementa con una discusión sobre las desigualdades en el acceso a salud y en la incidencia de comorbilidades que explica las disparidades observadas en la necesidad de un ventilador durante la pandemia y en el número de muertes. Finalmente, nuestro análisis empírico sugiere que el sustancial esfuerzo fiscal y en particular la implementación del programa Auxílio Emergencial neutralizaron el aumento a corto plazo de las disparidades salariales, pero han sido insuficientes para neutralizar el costo de las desigualdades multidimensionales en el número de muertes en Brasil.Article Details
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