STRUCTURE OF EMPLOYMENT IN MEXICO: A DEMAND SIDE ANALYSIS
Main Article Content
Abstract
This work aims to identify the influence that aggregate demand has on job creation in Mexico, and in turn, to characterise how the labour market is structured based on the organisation of the productive structure established since 2018. Using official information from the input-output matrix and the national survey of occupation and employment, it can be inferred that domestic demand accounts for 80% of employment concentration in primary activities, trade and services, while manufacturing activities influence intersectoral employment. It is worth noting that the mexican labour market is characterised by precarity expressed in a high degree of informality, low wages, and low skill levels; thus, labour policies face challenges in correcting these imbalances.
Article Details
Citas en Dimensions Service
References
Avendaño, B. y Perrotini, I. (2015). Insuficiencia dinámica, crecimiento y desempleo en México, 1974-2012. Investigación Económica, 74(293), 99-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inveco.2015.10.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inveco.2015.10.004
Bai, S., Zhang, B. y Ning, Y. (2024). Measuring Employment in Global Value Chains Based on an Inter-Country Input-Output Model with Multinational Enterprises. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 68, 148-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2023.10.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2023.10.010
Belman, D. y Wolfson, P. (2014). What Does the Minimum Wage Do? W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. https://doi.org/10.17848/9780880994583 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17848/9780880994583
Carbajal, Y. y Carrillo, B. (2017). Producción y empleo manufacturero en las entidades federativas de México. En: Y. Carbajal y L. de Jesús (eds.), Dinámica del empleo y la producción manufacturera en México (pp. 15-39). Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México.
Chen, X., Cheng, L., Fung, K., Lau, L., Sung, Y., Zhu, K., Yang, C., Pei, J. y Duan, Y. (2012). Domestic Value Added and Employment Generated by Chinese Exports: A Quantitative Estimation. China Economic Review, 23(4), 850-864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2012.04.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2012.04.003
Feenstra, R. y Hong, C. (2010). China’s Exports and Employment. En: R. Feenstra y S. Wei (eds.), China’s Growing Role in World Trade (pp. 167-199). University of Chicago Press. http://www.nber.org/chapters/c10457 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226239729.001.0001
Feenstra, R.C. y Sasahara, A. (2018). The ‘China Shock,’ Exports and US Employment: A Global Input-Output Analysis. Review of International Economics, 26(5), 1053-1083. https://doi.org/10.1111/roie.12370 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/roie.12370
Fields, G. (2005). A Guide to Multisector Labour Market Models [Social Protection Discussion Papers no. 0505]. The World Bank.
Foster, N. (2019). Global Value Chains and Employment Growth in Asia. Asian Development Review, 36(2), 100-130. https://doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00133 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00133
Fujii, G., Cervantes, R. y Fabian, A. (2016). Contenido de trabajo en las exportaciones manufactureras mexicanas, 2008 y 2012. Revista de la CEPAL, 119, 167-186. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18356/95713d2f-es
Horvát, P., Webb, C. y Yamano, N. (2020). Measuring Employment in Global Value Chains [Working Papers no. 01]. OECD Science, Technology and Industry https://doi.org/10.1787/00f7d7db-en DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/00f7d7db-en
INEGI (2023). Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo. Cómo se hace la ENOE: métodos y procedimientos. México: INEGI. https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/productos/prod_serv/contenidos/espanol/bvinegi/productos/nueva_estruc/889463909743.pdf
Keynes, J. (1936). The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. London: Macmillan.
Kiyota, K. (2014). Exports and Employment in China, Indonesia, Japan and Korea. OECD Trade Policy Papers, 166, 4-38. https://doi.org/10.1787/5jxzqqw84vmp-en DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/5jxzqqw84vmp-en
Leontief, W. (1936). Quantitative Input and Output Relations in the Economic Systems of the United States. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 18(3), 105-125. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1927837 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1927837
Leontief, W. (1953). Domestic Production and Foreign Trade; the American Capital Position Re-examined. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 97(4), 332-349. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3149288
Lewis W.A. (1954). Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour. The Manchester School, 22(2), 139-191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9957.1954.tb00021.x
Los, B., Timmer, M. y de Vries, G. (2015). How Important are Exports for Job Growth in China? A Demand Side Analysis. Journal of Comparative Economics, 43(1), 19-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2014.11.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2014.11.007
Mejía, P., Mejía, A. y Rendón, L. (2017). Dinámica del empleo manufacturero después de la Gran Recesión en los estados mexicanos. En: Y. Carbajal y L. de Jesús (eds.), Dinámica del empleo y la producción manufacturera en México (pp. 43-66). Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México.
Murillo-Villanueva, B., Puchet, M. y Fujii, G. (2018). Exportaciones manufactureras mexicanas por nivel tecnológico y su efecto sobre el empleo en 2008 y 2012: un análisis de descomposición estructural. Revista de Economía del Rosario, 21(2), 409-433. http://dx.doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/economia/a.7206 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/economia/a.7206
Murillo-Villanueva, B. y Carbajal, Y. (2025). Capacidad de las exportaciones manufactureras para generar empleo y valor agregado interno en Norteamérica, 1995-2020. Frontera Norte, 37(3), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.33679/rfn.v1i1.2415 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33679/rfn.v1i1.2415
Pasinetti, L. (1973). The Notion of Vertical Integration in Economic Analysis. Metroeconomica, 25(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-999X.1973.tb00539.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-999X.1973.tb00539.x
Snowdon, B. y Vane, H. (2005). Modern Macroeconomics: Its Origins Development and Current State. Edward Elgar.
Timmer, M.P., Los, B., Stehrer, R. y de Vries, G. J. (2013). Fragmentation, Incomes and Jobs: An Analysis of European Competitiveness. Economic Policy, 28(76), 613-661. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0327.12018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0327.12018
Vázquez-López, R. (2022). Assessing Employment Benefits from Trade: US-Mexico Trade Under NAFTA. Economic Systems Research, 35(4), 541–565. https://doi.org/10.1080/09535314.2022.2091427 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09535314.2022.2091427
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following conditions:
a) The authors retain the copy rights (copyright) and give the journal the right of first publication, with the work also under the Creative Commons Attribution License that allows third parties to use what is published as long as they refer to the author or authors of the article. work and its publication in this journal.
b) The authors are free to make other contractual agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the article they publish in this journal (such as including it in an institutional collection or publishing it in a book), provided that they clearly indicate the original publication of the work in this journal.