Prevalence of Chronic Apical Periodontitis Among Diabetic Patients Attending an Endodontics Clinic
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Abstract
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic disorders in Mexico. The hyperglycemic state that characterizes this condition can lead to various alterations in the pulp tissue and may contribute to the establishment of periapical pathologies, particularly chronic apical periodontitis. Objective: To determine the prevalence of chronic apical periodontitis in diabetic and non-diabetic patients treated at the reception and diagnosis clinic and the endodontics clinic of the postgraduate and research division, school of dentistry, UNAM, between 2015 and 2020. Material and Methods: A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 190 digital panoramic radiographs and corresponding clinical records were examined. These were obtained through non-probabilistic convenience sampling from the database of the Reception and Diagnostic Clinic and the Endodontics Clinic. The sample included diabetic and non-diabetic patients aged ≥ 40 years. The history of diabetes, the number of teeth with chronic apical periodontitis, the presence of previous root canal treatment, the number of teeth with chronic apical periodontitis associated with prior root canal treatment, and the severity of chronic apical periodontitis were evaluated. The severity was determined using the Periapical Index (PAI) scoring system. Results: The overall prevalence of chronic apical periodontitis in the study population was 61.6%. Among these, 16.3% were non-diabetic patients, and 45.3% were diabetic patients. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups (p = 0.240). Conclusions: There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of chronic apical periodontitis, the severity of lesions according to the Periapical Index, or the presence of chronic apical periodontitis in teeth with previous root canal treatment between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Future studies are recommended to consider glycemic control at the time of patient registration and the duration of diabetes progression.
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