El papel de la tecnología para la gestión integral de residuos textiles en México: una revisión
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La industria textil, impulsada por la “moda rápida”, es una de las principales contribuidoras de la degradación ambiental a través de la renovación rápida de estilos, provocando un desperdicio sustancial de prendas por parte de sus consumidores. Ante este escenario y en el contexto de la constante modernización, se ha impulsado la automatización de procesos con el objetivo de controlar y optimizar la cadena de producción a lo largo de todo el ciclo de vida textil, buscando una gestión más eficiente y una reducción significativa de los residuos textiles (RT). El objetivo principal de este estudio es realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura para identificar y evaluar críticamente las tecnologías empleadas en la gestión integral de residuos textiles. La metodología aplicada consistió en una recuperación y análisis de investigaciones de la base de datos Scopus, siguiendo la metodología PRISMA. La búsqueda abarcó un periodo de diez años, examinando un total de 33 artículos, de los cuales se seleccionaron 14 como pertinentes. Como resultado, se muestra que las tecnologías más aplicadas en la gestión de residuos textiles son la inteligencia artificial (IA), el Internet de las cosas (IoT) y blockchain (Bc), siendo facilitadores de la trazabilidad de sistemas de recolección de residuos textiles, aprovechamiento eficiente de materias primas y consumo responsable, a través de algoritmos basados en características del consumidor. En conclusión, estas tecnologías ofrecen soluciones innovadoras, las cuales permiten mejorar la sustentabilidad de los procesos, aumentar la eficiencia operativa y fortalecer la trazabilidad de los residuos a lo largo de toda la cadena de valor textil.
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