Halfway Towards Modernization. Mexican Media System and its Uneven Process of Modernization

Article Sidebar

PDF (Español (España))
Published: Dec 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22201/fcpys.24484911e.2018.24.60437

Main Article Content

Rubén Arnoldo González Macías
Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
Martin Echeverria Victoria
Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6071-8725

Abstract

Contemporary studies on Mexican journalism have two clear –but opposite– stances. At the beginning of this century, a series of studies was published –mainly in the United States– which stressed an ongoing professionalization of the press, parallel to the general modernization of the national media system. However, more recent studies –most of them conducted by Mexican scholars– have underlined the continuity of the practices and patterns that determined the relationship between media and the authoritarian regime of the previous century, particularly at the regional and local level. Therefore, the aim of this article is to explain the reasons behind the coexistence of both these liberal and authoritarian characteristics of Mexican journalism. In so doing, the core argument draws upon the concepts of those exogenous and endogenous forces (related to political and media systems, respectively) that simultaneously foster and/or hinder the transformation of the media, thereby creating an uneven process of modernization.

 

 

Article Details

How to Cite
González Macías, R. A., & Echeverria Victoria, M. (2017). Halfway Towards Modernization. Mexican Media System and its Uneven Process of Modernization. Revista Mexicana De Opinión Pública, (24), 35–51. https://doi.org/10.22201/fcpys.24484911e.2018.24.60437
Author Biographies

Rubén Arnoldo González Macías, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla

He is a journalist and an academic. He has a degree in communication sciences and a master's degree in communication from the Universidad Vasco de Quiroga University (Morelia, Michoacán). He is also a doctor in communication studies from the University of Leeds (United Kingdom). He has been a reporter, editor, and head of research in the newspaper La Voz de Michoacán. As of June 2016, he is professor-researcher at the Instituto de Ciencias de Gobierno y Desarrollo Estratégico en la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. His research topics focus on the reporter-source relationship, professionalization of the journalist, democratization of the Mexican press, and analysis of media systems. His work has been presented and published in Mexico, Europe and South America. He is currently coordinator of the specialization in opinion studies at the Universidad Veracruzana. ruben.arnoldo@correo.buap.mx

Martin Echeverria Victoria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla

Doctor in communication and culture from the University of Seville, Spain. Master in political communication and public opinion at the Universitat Pompeu Fabra, of Barcelona, Spain. Member of the National System of Researchers, level 1. His lines of research are formats and the relationship between media consumption, youth and politics. He is currently a professor and researcher at the Ciencias de Gobierno y Desarrollo Estratégico en la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México.

Doctor en comunicación y cultura por la Universidad de Sevilla, España. Maestro en comunicación política y opinión pública por la Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, España. Miembro del Sistema Nacional de Investigadores, Nivel 1. Sus líneas de investigación son los formatos y la relación entre consumo mediático, jóvenes y política. Actualmente se desempeña como profesor e investigador del Instituto de Ciencias de Gobierno y Desarrollo Estratégico en la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México.

echevemartin@yahoo.com.mx


References

Adler, Ilya, “The Mexican Case. The Media in the 1988 Presidential Election”, en Thomas E. Skidmore (ed.), Television, Politics and the Transition to Democracy in Latin America, The Woodrow Wilson Center Press, Washington, 1993, pp. 145-173.

Albuquerque, Alfonso de, “On Models and Margins. Comparative Media Models Viewed from a Brazilian Perspective”, en Daniel C. Hallin y Paolo Mancini (eds.), Comparing Media Systems Beyond the Western World, Cambridge University Press, Nueva York, 2012, pp. 72-95.

Brown, Robin, “Mediatization and News Management in Comparative Institutional Perspective”, en Kees Brants y Katrin Voltmer (eds.), Political Communication in Postmodern Democracy. Challenging the Primacy of Politics, Palgrave MacMillan, Hampshire, 2011, pp. 59-74.

Chalaby, Jean K., “Political Communication in Presidential Regimes in Non-Consolidated Democracies”, Gazette, vol. 60, núm. 5, 1998, pp. 433-449.

Christians, Clifford G., Theodore L. Glasser, Dennis McQuail, Kaarle Nordenstreng y Robert A. White, Normative Theories of the Media, University of Illinois Press, Chicago, 2009.

Echeverría, Martín y Rubén Arnoldo González, “La modernización diferenciada de la prensa nacional. Una comparación centro-periferia”, en Martín Echeverría y Carlos Ahuactzin, Comunicación Política y Elecciones Federales 2015, icgde, Puebla, 2016, pp. 125-148.

Eisenstadt, Shmuel N., “Multiple Modernities”, Daedalus, vol. 129, núm. 12000, pp. 1-29.

Espino, Germán, “Periodistas precarios en el interior de la República mexicana. Atrapados entre las fuerzas del mercado y las presiones de los gobiernos estatales”, Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, vol. 61, núm. 228, 2016, pp. 1-30.

Esteinou, Javier, “La Ley Televisa y la formación de la IV República mediática en México”, Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, vol. 50, núm. 202, 2008, pp. 53-70.

Fox, Jonathan, “The Difficult Transition from Clientelism to Citizenship. Lessons from Mexico”, World Politics, vol. 46, núm. 2, 1994, pp. 151-184.

González, Rubén Arnoldo, “Economically-Driven Partisanship. Official Advertising and Political Coverage in Mexico. The Case of Morelia, Journalism and Mass Communication, vol. 3, núm. 1, 2013, pp. 14-33.

González, Rubén Arnoldo, “Investigative Journalism in Mexico: between Ideals and Realities. The case of Morelia”, Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico, vol. 22, núm. 1, 2016, pp. 343-359

Guerrero, Manuel Alejandro y Mireya Márquez, “El modelo ‘liberal capturado’ de sistemas mediáticos, periodismo y comunicación en América Latina”, Temas de Comunicación, núm. 29, 2014, pp. 135-170.

Guerrero, Manuel Alejandro, “Broadcasting and Democracy in Mexico. From Corporatist Subordination to State Capture”, Policy and Society, vol. 29, 2010, pp. 23-35.

Hallin, Daniel C. y Paolo Mancini, “Americanization, Globalization, and Secularization. Understanding the Convergence of Media Systems and Political Communication”, en Frank Esser y Barbara Pfetsch (eds.), Comparing Political Communication. Theories, Cases, and Challenges, Cambridge University Press, Nueva York, 2004, pp. 25-44.

Hallin, Daniel C. y Paolo Mancini, “Ten Years After Comparing media systems. What Have We Learned?”, Political Communication, vol. 34, núm. 2, 2016, pp. 1-17.

Hallin, Daniel C. y Paolo Mancini, Comparing Media Systems. Three Models of Media and Politics, Cambridge University Press, Nueva York, 2004.

Hughes, Sallie y Mireya Márquez, “Examining the Practices that Mexican Journalists Employ to Reduce Risk in a Context of Violence”, International Journal of Communication, vol. 11, 2017, pp. 499–521.

Hughes, Sallie, Newsrooms in Conflict. Journalism and the Democratization of Mexico, University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, 2006.

Lawson, Chappel H., Building the Fourth Estate. Democratization and the Rise of a Free Press in Mexico, University of California Press, Berkeley y Los Ángeles, 2002.

León, Salvador de, “Comunicación pública, transición política y periodismo en México. El caso de Aguascalientes”, Comunicación y Sociedad, núm. 15, enero-junio, 2011, pp. 43-69.

Mancini, Paolo y David L. Swanson, “Politics, Media, and Modern Democracy. Introduction”, en Politics, Media, and Modern Democracy. An International of Innovations in Electoral Campaigning and Their Consequences, Praeger, Westport, ct, 1996, pp. 1-26.

Márquez, Mireya, “Valores normativos y prácticas del reporteo en tensión: percepciones profesionales de periodistas en México”, Cuadernos de Información, vol. 30, 2012, pp. 97-110

Martínez, Francisco Javier, Rubén Arnoldo González y Óscar Mario Miranda, “Actores políticos y sociales de los telediarios: una tarea pendiente de las televisoras mexicanas”, Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, núm.70, 2015, pp. 750-764.

Orozco, Rosalía, Relaciones prensa-gobierno en Tepic. Una caracterización de prácticas predominantes en el periodismo local de México, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 2010.

Palacio, Celia del, “Periodismo impreso, poderes y violencia en Veracruz 2010-2014. Estrategias de control de la información”, Comunicación y Sociedad, núm. 24, 2015, pp. 19-46.

Peschard, Jacqueline, “Los medios de comunicación en la construcción de la cultura política democrática en México”, América Latina Hoy, vol. 25, 2000, pp. 87-94.

Portes, Alejandro, “Modernity and Development. A critique”, Comparative International Development, vol. 8, núm. 3, 1973, pp. 247-279.

Relly, Jeannine E. y Celeste González, “Silencing Mexico. A Study of Influences on Journalists in the Northern States”, The International Journal of Press/Politics, vol. 19, núm. 1, 2014, pp. 108-131.

Reyes, María Cristina, “Comunicación política y medios en México. El caso de la reforma a la Ley Federal de Radio y Televisión”, Convergencia, vol. 14, núm. 43, 2007, pp. 105-136.

Reyna, Víctor Hugo, Nuevos riesgos, viejos encuadres. La escenificación de la inseguridad pública en Sonora, El Colegio de Sonora, Hermosillo, 2014.

Rodelo, Frida, “Periodismo en entornos violentos. El caso de los periodistas de Culiacán, Sinaloa”, Comunicación y Sociedad, núm. 12, 2009, 101-118

Roudakova, Natalia, “Comparing Processes. Media, Transitions, and Historical Change”, en Daniel C. Hallin y Paolo Mancini (eds.), Comparing Media Systems Beyond the Western World, Cambridge University Press, Nueva York, 2012, pp. 246-277.

Roudakova, Natalia, “Journalism as Prostitution. Understanding Russia’s Reactions to Anna Politkovskaya’s Murder”, Political Communication, vol. 26, núm. 4, 2009, pp. 412- 429

Santillán, José Ramón, “La construcción periodística de la democracia en México de 1988 al 2000”, Zer, vol. 13, núm. 24, 2008, pp. 203-222.

Schmidt, Volker H., “Modernity and Diversity. Reflections on the Controversy Between Modernization Theory and Multiple Modernists”, Social Science Information, vol. 49, núm. 4, 2010, pp. 511-538.

Sparks, Colin, “Media and Transition in Latin America”, Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture, vol. 8, num. 2, 2011, pp. 3-41.

Tipps, Dean C., “Modernization Theory and the Comparative Study of Societies. A critical perspective”, Comparative Studies in Society and History, vol. 15, núm. 2, 1973, pp. 199-226.

Tuckman, Jo, México. Democracia interrumpida, Grijalbo, México, 2015.

Vogler, Michael, The Role of Clientelism in the Mexican pri-Regime, Centre of Ibero-American Studies kias Papers, 2007.

Voltmer, Katrin, “How Far can Media Systems Travel? Applying Hallin and Mancini’s Comparative Framework Outside the Western World”, en Daniel C. Hallin y Paolo Mancini (eds.), Comparing Media Systems Beyond the Western World, Cambridge University Press, Nueva York, 2012, pp. 224-245.

Waisbord, Silvio, “In Journalism We Trust? Credibility and Fragmented Journalism in Latin America”, en Katrin Voltmer (ed.), Mass Media and Political Communication in New Democracies, Routledge, Nueva York, 2006, pp. 64-77.

Wallis, Darren, “The Media and Democratic Change in Mexico”, Parliamentary Affairs, vol. 57, núm. 1, 2004, pp. 118-130.

Licencia Creative Commons
Revista Mexicana de Opinión Pública por Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México se distribuye bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivar 4.0 Internacional.
Basada en una obra en http://revistas.unam.mx/index.php/rmop.