Desenvolvimento da literacia química de alunos do ensino básico Contributos de um projeto educacional de ciência cidadã
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Os projetos de ciência cidadã têm relevado potencial para promover a literacia científica dos alunos nas suas dimensões afetiva e cognitiva. Contudo, em química, estes projetos são ainda escassos. Assim, partindo do contexto da qualidade das águas costeiras e da sua poluição por (micro)plásticos, foi desenvolvido o projeto de ciência cidadã PVC – Perceiving the Value of Chemistry behind water and microplastics, onde a química assume um papel central. No sentido de conhecer os contributos do projeto desenvolvido, foram investigadas as atitudes face à disciplina de Química de 574 alunos (442 do grupo experimental e 132 do grupo de controlo) do 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e a sua aprendizagem da química, ao nível conceptual e processual. Para tal, aplicou-se um questionário de atitudes como pré e pós-teste, um teste de conhecimentos e foram ainda recolhidas notas de campo. No pré-teste registaram-se atitudes positivas no grupo experimental e no grupo de controlo. No pós-teste, o grupo experimental apresentou mudanças de atitudes significativamente mais positivas do que o grupo de controlo, em todas as dimensões presentes no questionário. A análise dos resultados dos testes de conhecimento sugere ainda que o projeto PVC promoveu a aprendizagem conceptual da química relacionada com a análise dos parâmetros físico-químicos das águas e com os polímeros. A nível processual, verificou-se a aprendizagem de técnicas laboratoriais e o desenvolvimento de competências como a autonomia, a colaboração, e o pensamento crítico, bem como a capacidade de comunicação de ideias e de resultados.
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