Laboratorio Creador 3D: una propuesta para enseñar, aprender y disfrutar de ciencias químicas con impresión en tres dimensiones
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El presente artículo documenta la instalación, arranque y prueba piloto de un laboratorio de impresión 3D para desarrollar competencias en Ciencia, Tecnología, Ingeniería y Matemáticas (en inglés siglas STEM) y fortalecer la autoeficacia en estudiantes de carreras en ciencias químicas. La autoeficacia describe la creencia de una persona en su capacidad para tener éxito en una situación concreta, incluyendo el aprendizaje. Un laboratorio creador 3D es un espacio de fabricación digital de prototipos impresos en tres dimensiones que pueden materializar conceptos químicos intangibles. Consecuentemente, es un espacio que coadyuva al estudiante a construir un aprendizaje significativo y sensorialmente enriquecido al diseñar, crear, ver y manipular impresiones dentro de un ambiente de enseñanza dirigido por un profesor. El impacto de la experiencia por el laboratorio creador 3D se midió cualitativamente a través de un cuestionario validado internacionalmente sobre la confianza en habilidades STEM. La prueba se realizó antes y después de una experiencia vivencial de impresión 3D en estudiantes de tercer semestre de un laboratorio académico y en estudiantes de séptimo semestre de una asignatura teórica. Los resultados indican una mejora en la autoeficacia de competencias STEM del 60±5% y del 10±6% para el laboratorio académico y la asignatura teórica, respectivamente. En conclusión, los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la química en un laboratorio de creación 3D observaron una experiencia significativa que permitió disfrutar y fortalecer la confianza en la autogestión del conocimiento para los estudiantes.
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